Satellite TV

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Will you interested in getting some detail information about Satellites TV history?

It is television delivered by way of orbiting communications satellites located 37,000 km (22,300 miles) above the earth's surface. The first satellite TV signal was relayed from Europe to the Telstar satellite over North America in 1962.

The first domestic North American satellite to carry television was Canada's Anik 1, which was launched in 1973.

It just like other communications relayed by satellite, starts with a transmitting antenna located at an uplink facility. Uplink satellite dishes are directed toward the satellite that their signals will be transmitted to, and are very large, as much as 9 to 12 meters (30 to 40 feet) in diameter.

The increased diameter results in more accurate positioning and improved signal reception at the satellite. The signal is transmitted to devices located on-board the satellite called transponders, which retransmit the satellite signal back towards the Earth at a different frequency.

The signal, quite weak after traveling through space, is collected by a parabolic receiving dish, which reflects the weak signal to the dish's focal point and is received, down-converted to a lower frequency band and amplified by a device called a low-noise block down converter, or LNB.

Direct broadcast satellite dishes use an LNBF, which integrates the feed horn with the LNB.

The University of Waterloo recently announced a new form of satellite antenna, which does not use a directed parabolic dish and can be used on a mobile platform such as a vehicle.

The signal, now amplified, travels to a satellite receiver box through coaxial cable (RG-6 or RG-10; cannot be standard RG-59) and is converted by a local oscillator to the L-band range of frequencies (approximately). Special on-board electronics in the receiver box help tune the signal and then convert it to a frequency that a standard television can use.

There are two primary types of satellite TV distribution: direct broadcast satellite (DBS) and television receive-only (TVRO).

Hughes's DirecTV, the first high-powered DBS system, went online in 1994 and was the first North American DBS service; News Corporation now owns it.

In 1996, EchoStar's DISH Network went online in the United States and has gone on to similar success as DirecTV's primary competitor. In 2004, Cablevision's Voom service went online, specifically catering to the emerging market of HDTV owners and aficionados.

Commercial DBS services are the primary competition to cable television service, although the two types of service have significantly different regulatory requirements (for example, cable television has public access requirements, and the two types of distribution have different regulations regarding carriage of local stations).

The majority of ethnic-language broadcasts to North America are carried on Ku-band free-to-air; the largest concentration of ethnic programming is on Intelsat Americas 5 at 97°W.

Globecast World TV offers a mix of free and pay-TV ethnic channels in the internationally standard DVB-S format, as do others. Several US-English language network affiliates (representing CBS, NBC, ABC, PBS, Fox TV, WB, PAX and UPN) are available as free-to-air broadcasts, as are the three US-Spanish language networks (Univision, Telefutura and Telemundo).

The number of free-to-air specialty channels is otherwise rather limited. Specific FTA offerings tend to appear and disappear rather often and typically with little or no notice, although sites such as LyngSat do track the changing availability of both free and pay channels worldwide.

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